What is the elastic modulus of cortical bone?
Modulus
| Material | Young’s Modulus, E (GPa) |
|---|---|
| Collagen (dry) | 6 |
| Bone mineral (Hydroxyapatite) | 80 |
| Cortical bone, longitudinal | 11-21 |
| Cortical bone, transverse | 5-13 |
What are the mechanical properties of bone?
1.3. 2. Mechanical properties of compact bone
| Property | Modal valuea | Lower limitc |
|---|---|---|
| Young’s modulus of elasticity (E) | 15 GPa | 6 GPa Deer antler |
| Tensile yield Stress | 120 MPa | 10 MPa Ear bones, densirostris |
| Tensile strength | 150 MPa | 15 MPa Ear bones, densirostris |
| Ultimate tensile strain | 0.03 | 0.002 Ear bones |
What is the range of typical intensity values for cortical and cancellous bone?
… the literature, depending on the measurement technique and parameters used, the source of bone and the structural variation in bone from the same source, a wide range of values has been reported for the compressive modulus of trabecular (0.12-1.1 GPa) and cortical bone (11.5-17 GPa) ( Table 2 ). …
What is the elastic modulus of trabecular bone?
The average trabecular modulus, measured on specimens obtained from three human and one bovine distal femora, was 13.0 GPa (S.D. 1.47) and 10.9 GPa (S.D. 1.57), respectively. On human specimens the structural elastic modulus was found to be related to the structural (apparent) density raised to the 1.88 power.
What is the tensile strength of bone?
The bones in your body are made from material which has a tensile strength of 150MPa, a strain to failure of 2% and a fracture toughness of 4MPa(m)½. For a structural material that’s not good.
What is the density of cortical bone?
The mass density of cortical bone ranges typically between 1.6 and 2 g.cm−3. The variations of mass density are due to a combination of variations of the bone volume fraction in a volume of interest (i.e., the bone is more or less porous) and the variations of the mass density of the extracellular mineralized matrix.
Are bones elastic or plastic?
Bone’s elastic modulus—its stiffness during elastic deforma- tion—spans 15–25 GPa, roughly a third of metallic alu- minum; its strength, the applied stress at the onset of plastic deformation, is a few hundred MPa, comparable with alu- mina ceramics; and its fracture toughness, a measure of the material’s resistance to …
What is the difference between cortical bone and cancellous bone?
Cortical bone is a dense tissue that contains less than 10% soft tissue. Cancellous or spongy bone is made up of trabecules shaped as plates or rods interspersed between bone marrow that represents more than 75% of the cancellous bone volume.
What is the yield strength of bone?
Vendors:
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 114 MPa | 16500 psi |
| Elongation at Break | 0.70 % | 0.70 % |
| 3.1 % | 3.1 % | |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 11.0 – 20.0 GPa | 1600 – 2900 ksi |
Is cortical or cancellous bone stronger?
Cortical bone is also called compact or lamellar bone and provides strength to all the long bones of the body, for example, femur. Cortical bone contributes about 80% of the weight of a human skeleton. It is much denser than cancellous bone, harder, stronger and stiffer.
Is cortical or trabecular bone stronger?
Cortical bone is stiffer than trabecular bone, thus can withstand higher stress (~150 MPa) yet lower strain (~2%) prior to failure; whereas the porous nature of trabecular bone provides greater elasticity than cortical bone, thus withstands lower levels of stress (~50 MPa) yet much higher strain (~50%) prior to failure …
What are the characteristics of the cortical bone?
Cortical bone (called compacta) is essentially solid, with a porosity of approximately 5%. The osteon, often termed the primary structural unit of cortical bone, is a cylindrical structure in which a central canal containing blood vessels is surrounded by 20 to 30 concentric lamellae (Jee, 2001).
A first step for comparison is the intrinsic mechanical properties of the respective bone tissues, as reflected in cortical bone flexural stiffness and strength. In four-point bending, emu cortical bone was found to have an elastic modulus of 13.1 GPa. Its yield stress was determined to be 113 MPa and the ultimate strength was 146 MPa.
What is the elastic modulus of Emu Bone?
At higher strains the bone experienced yield and plastic deformation. The elastic modulus values of emu cortical bone ranged from 5.62 GPa to 19.83 GPa (Table 1), with an average of 13.05 GPa and a standard deviation of 3.94 GPa.
What is the normal elastic modulus of interstitial tissue?
The elastic moduli ranged from 6.9 +/- 4.3 GPa in trabecular tissue from the femoral neck of a 74 yr old female up to 25.0 +/- 4.3 GPa in interstitial tissue from the diaphyseal cortex of a 69 yr old female. The mean elastic modulus was found to be significantly influenced by the type of lamella (p < 10(-6)) and by donor (p < 10(-6)).
What is an example of cortical bone thickness?
Cortical bone thins toward the metaphyses and epiphyses of long bones where it plays a lesser, yet clinically significant mechanical role. The best example of this is at the femoral neck where cortical bone thickness and distribution are important variables influencing osteoporotic fracture risk [1–3].