What is the dependent variable in a case-control study?
In a case-control study, ” participants are selected and categorized on the basis of the dependent variable (the outcome of interest). The purpose of the study is to test hypotheses about factors in the past (independent variables) that may explain the outcome” (Meininger, 2017).
What is an example of a case-control study?
For example, investigators conducted a case-control study to determine if there is an association between colon cancer and a high fat diet. Cases were all confirmed colon cancer cases in North Carolina in 2010. Controls were a sample of North Carolina residents without colon cancer. The odds ratio was 4.0.
How do you choose controls in a case-control study?
Selection of the Controls
- The comparison group (“controls”) should be representative of the source population that produced the cases.
- The “controls” must be sampled in a way that is independent of the exposure, meaning that their selection should not be more (or less) likely if they have the exposure of interest.
What is a case-control study study?
Listen to pronunciation. (kays-kun-TROLE STUH-dee) A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls).
How do you identify independent and dependent variables?
The easiest way to identify which variable in your experiment is the Independent Variable (IV) and which one is the Dependent Variable (DV) is by putting both the variables in the sentence below in a way that makes sense. “The IV causes a change in the DV. It is not possible that DV could cause any change in IV.”
What is dependent variable in research example?
The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment. 1 For example, in a study looking at how tutoring impacts test scores, the dependent variable would be the participants’ test scores, since that is what is being measured.
When would you use a case-control study?
Case-control studies are advantageous under the following circumstances:
- When exposure data are expensive or difficult to obtain, e.g., assessing pesticide levels in blood or other medical tests.
- When the disease has a long induction and/or latent period, e.g., cancer, dementia.
- When the outcome (disease) is rare.
How many controls are in a case-control study?
Investigators planning case-control studies are usual- ly advised to include no more than four or five controls per case because little statistical power is gained by fur- ther increasing this ratio (1,2).
What is the purpose of controls in case-control studies?
A case-control study is designed to help determine if an exposure is associated with an outcome (i.e., disease or condition of interest). In theory, the case-control study can be described simply. First, identify the cases (a group known to have the outcome) and the controls (a group known to be free of the outcome).
Is case-control study quantitative or qualitative?
quantitative
In a health care context, randomised controlled trials are quantitative in nature, as are case-control and cohort studies. Surveys (questionnaires) are usually quantitative .
Is a case-control study descriptive or analytic?
In analytic observational studies, the researcher simply measures the exposure or treatments of the groups. Analytical observational studies include case””control studies, cohort studies and some population (cross-sectional) studies.
How do you identify the independent and dependent variables in a research study?
What is the dependent variable in a cohort study?
In a cohort study, the groups are matched in terms of many other variables such as economic status and other health status so that the variable being assessed, the independent variable (in this case, smoking) can be isolated as the cause of the dependent variable (in this case, lung cancer). How do you control bias in a case-control study?
What is the conceptual basis of the case-control study?
The conceptual basis of the case-control study is similar to taking a history and physical; the diseased patient is questioned and examined, and elements from this history taking are knitted together to reveal characteristics or factors that predisposed the patient to the disease.
What are the dependent and independent variables in an experiment?
In experiments, these are called dependent and independent variables respectively. In an experimental study looking at classical music exposure and reading ability in children, the researcher divided the children into two groups (Groups A and B).
How are subjects identified in a case control study?
Case-control studies identify subjects by outcome status at the outset of the investigation. Outcomes of interest may be whether the subject has undergone a specific type of surgery, experienced a complication, or is diagnosed with a disease (Figure 3B).