What does CD31 positive mean?
In immunohistochemistry, CD31 is used primarily to demonstrate the presence of endothelial cells in histological tissue sections. This can help to evaluate the degree of tumor angiogenesis, which can imply a rapidly growing tumor.
Is CD31 a marker for endothelial cells?
CD31, also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), is thought to be a sensitive and specific marker for vascular differentiation. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by endothelial cells and a variety of hematopoietic cells.
What is the function of CD31?
What is The Function of CD31? As mentioned, CD31 expression is restricted to blood and vascular cells. In circulating platelets and leukocytes, CD31 functions mainly as an inhibitory receptor that, via regulated sequential phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain, limits cellular activation responses.
Does CD31 stain capillaries?
Capillaries in the alveolar wall strongly stained for CD31 and CD34 but were usually negative for vWF (Figures 2A-2C). The staining intensity for vWF also increased gradually with the vessel caliber. Small arterioles and venules showed light staining but larger arteries and veins showed intense staining.
Is CD31 an integrin?
CD31/PECAM-1 is a ligand for alpha v beta 3 integrin involved in adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium.
Do all endothelial cells express CD31?
PECAM-1 (CD31) is a 130 kDa glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells, platelets and some leukocytes. CD31 is constitutively expressed on endothelial cells, and its expression is not increased by cytokines.
Do neutrophils express CD31?
PECAM-1/CD31, discovered primarily as an adhesion molecule that allows the transmigration of leukocytes from blood vessels to the tissues (7), has been found to be expressed in the vascular endothelia as well as in T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages (8).
Are macrophages CD31 positive?
In all cases with CD34 and CD68 immunostains, the CD31-positive macrophages were CD34 negative and CD68 positive. We conclude that CD31 expression is very common in macrophages. Misinterpretation of CD31-positive macrophages as tumor cells may result in the erroneous diagnosis of a primary vascular neoplasm.
What is CD34 staining?
CD34 is an antigen known to stain the spindle-shaped cells located around the middle portion of normal hair follicles.
What is the ligand for CD31?
Soluble, recombinant forms of CD31 allowed us to study the heterophilic interactions in leukocyte adhesion assays. We show that the adhesion molecule alpha v beta 3 integrin is a ligand for CD31.
Do platelets express CD31?
CD31 is expressed on platelets and on most leukocytes and is constitutively present on endothelial linings in vivo.