How did Iran become an Islamic republic in 1979?
Iran voted by national referendum to become an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979 and to formulate and approve a new theocratic-republican constitution whereby Khomeini became supreme leader of the country in December 1979. The revolution was unusual for the surprise it created throughout the world.
What does Article 4 of the 1979 Iranian Constitution do?
Article 4 (Islamic Principle) Article 4 is immutable and the Council of Guardians ensures that all articles of the Constitution as well other laws are based on Islamic criteria.
Who did the 1979 Iranian revolution remove from power?
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Millions of Iranians protest all over the country demanding the removal of the Shah and return of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The Shah appoints Shapour Bakhtiar as prime minister. A long-time nationalist politician and vocal critic of the Shah, he is confirmed by the parliament two weeks later.
What happened to the Shah in January 1979?
During his exile, Khomeini coordinated this upsurge of opposition—first from Iraq and after 1978 from France—demanding the shah’s abdication. In January 1979, in what was officially described as a “vacation,” the shah and his family fled Iran.
Who started the Islamic republic?
Khomeini’s reign. Ayatollah Khomeini was the ruler of (or at least dominant figure in) Iran for a decade, from the founding of the Islamic Republic in April 1979 until his death in mid-1989.
Who wrote the Iran Constitution?
The electoral and fundamental laws of 1906 By the royal proclamation of August 5, 1906, Mozzafar al-Din Shah created this first constitution “for the peace and tranquility of all the people of Persia.” Muhammad Ali Shah Qajar is credited with chapters 4 and 5.
What was Iran before 1979?
In the decades before the Islamic revolution of 1979, Iran was ruled by the Shah, whose dictatorship repressed dissent and restricted political freedoms. But he also he pushed the country to adopt Western-oriented secular modernization, allowing some degree of cultural freedom.
Why Iran changed name from Persia?
In 1935 the Iranian government requested those countries which it had diplomatic relations with, to call Persia “Iran,” which is the name of the country in Persian. The suggestion for the change is said to have come from the Iranian ambassador to Germany, who came under the influence of the Nazis.