How do you format et al?
In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only “al” should be followed by a period. Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name. In the case that et al. would stand in for just one author, write the author’s name instead.
Where is the dot in et al?
Yes, it should always be accompanied by a period. Since et al. is the abbreviation of and others, where et al. could be an abbreviation for et alii, et aliae or et alia when referring to masculine, feminine or gender neutral groups respectively.
How do you start a formal email to multiple recipients?
If it is a formal letter, then you can use ‘Dear Sirs’ but if it is informal, simply ‘Hi’ is fine. ‘Hi’ addresses either one person or many, the same as ‘you’ refers to one person or many.
Do you reference the first published date?
In text, cite both dates: first the original version, then the version you read, separated by a slash (Freud, 1900/1953). Sometimes publication of a multivolume work takes place over several years. In that case, use the span of years as the publication date both in the reference list and in text (Koch, 1953–1964).
How do you email et al?
The expression et al., which is always followed by a period, stands for “and others.” So the greetings above would mean: Dear John and others, Hello, Kimia and others. Sorry, Doug.
How do you use et al in a legal document?
(et-ahl Abbreviation for the Latin phrase “et alia,” meaning “and others.” This is commonly used in shortening the name of a court case, so that instead of listing all the plaintiffs or defendants, one of them will be listed followed by the term “et al.”
How do you use et al at the end of a sentence?
Since “et al.” is an abbreviation of the latin et alii meaning “and others” the period in “et al.” should be treated as periods in any other abbreviation such as “cf.”, “Op. Cit.”, “conf.”, “c.”.
How do you write numbers in APA?
In general, APA style recommends using words to express numbers below 10, and using numerals when expressing numbers 10 and above.
How do you write italic et al?
Latin and italics: “et al.” is not italicized or underlined (van Leunen, p. 27: “Write it without either underlining or italics.”; Chicago Manual of Style 7.56: “Commonly used Latin words and abbreviations should not be italicized.
How do you write et al example?
In MLA style, always use “et al.” for sources with three or more authors….Using et al. in MLA style.
| Number of authors | In-text citation example | Works cited example |
|---|---|---|
| 1–2 authors | (Smith and Davies) | Smith, Joshua, and Robert Davies. … |
| 3+ authors | (McDonnell et al.) | McDonnell, Frederick, et al. … |
What does et al mean on a title?
ownership interest
How do you write percentages in APA 7th edition?
APA 7th Edition Use “percentage” when a numeral isn’t provided e.g., 3% versus “a low percentage”.
What does et al mean on a deed?
other persons
What is the difference between a DOI and a URL?
A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that identifies content and provides a persistent link to its location on the internet. A URL specifies the location of digital information on the internet and can be found in the address bar of your internet browser.
How do you in-text cite a conversation?
To cite a message sent to one person, begin your entry by listing the sender of the message as the author. Provide a description in place of a title, and include the recipient’s name in the description. Provide the name of the chat tool in the “Title of container” slot, and then give the date of the message.
How do you reference what someone said?
When making reference to the spoken words of someone other than the author recorded in a text, cite the name of the person and the name of the author, date and page reference of the work in which the quote or reference appears.
How do you cite an oral interview?
Basic Format: Author. (Year, Month Day of Interview). Title of Interview. Interview by Interviewer’s Initials and Last Name.
Do you need to include Doi in APA?
In an APA journal citation, if a DOI (digital object identifier) is available for an article, always include it. If an article has no DOI, and you accessed it through a database or in print, just omit the DOI.
How do you cite an anonymous interview?
Interviewee Name: (lastname, firstname middle) along with identifying information of interviewee, in parentheses (e.g. job title or company name). Exclude if interviewee wishes to remain anonymous. Interviewer Name: (firstname middlename lastname), preceded by ‘interview with’, ‘discussion with’, or ‘interviewed by’.
What is non personal communication?
Nonpersonal communication channels are media that carry messages without personal contact or feedback. They include major media, atmospheres, and events. Events are staged occurrences that communicate messages to target audiences.
How do you cite an interview you conducted in APA?
Citing an Interview As a personal interview is not published or “findable,” it should not be included in an APA reference list. Instead, a personal interview should be referenced as a parenthetical citation. For example: (J.
How do you cite an interview that you conducted?
The MLA citation for a personal interview should follow this format:
- Last name of person interviewed, First name. Interview. By Interviewer Name. Date of interview.
- Example: Mars, Bruno. Interview. By Julie Chapman. 10 May 2020.
Do all papers have a DOI?
There are a couple of important things to know about DOIs. Not every article or resources has a DOI. DOIs are not related to the peer-review status of an article. Both peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed articles can have DOIs.
How do you cite personal communication in-text?
Cite personal communications only in the text, give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide the exact date if possible (see APA, section 6.20, p. 179; APA Style Blog, “What Belongs in the Reference List?”).
Can et al be used for things?
refers to a list of things, et al. refers to a list of people. Etc. is common in formal and informal writing.
How do you reference a conversation?
In your in-text citation of a Personal Communication give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible….The basics of an in-text entry for personal communications:
- Author (communicator).
- Year.
- Format description.
- Day.
- Month.
Can you cite anonymous?
If “Anonymous” is the identified author of a work (versus there being no stated author), cite “Anonymous” in the citation instead of the author’s last name (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 177). For example, (Anonymous, 2005, p.
How many authors are needed to use et al?
Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at first mention.
Can I use ISSN instead of Doi APA?
It is strongly recommended that publishers use the ISSN number as part of the title-level DOI they use to offer a persistent and resolvable link to their journal. Its syntax is defined by ISO Information and documentation – Digital Object Identifier System (DOI).
Does et al have a period?
Punctuation. The “al” in “et al.” is always followed by a period. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase “et alia”—the period indicates that it is an abbreviation: et al.
What is APA 6th edition format?
The “APA style” is an author-date style for citing and referencing information in assignments and publications. This guide is based on the “Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” 6th edition (2010).